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Tantalum (Tantalum) is a metallic element with an atomic number of 73 and chemical symbol Ta, the element's corresponding elemental is steel gray metal.
Tantalum is mainly found in tantalite and is symbiotic with niobium. Tantalum has moderate hardness [1], is malleable, and can be drawn into thin wire foil. Its coefficient of thermal expansion is very small. Tantalum has excellent chemical properties and extremely high corrosion resistance. It does not react with hydrochloric acid, concentrated and aqua regia under hot and cold conditions. Can be used to manufacture evaporation utensils, also can be used as the electrode of the vacuum tube, rectifier, electrolytic capacitor. Used in medicine to make thin sheets or thin threads to repair damaged tissue. Although tantalum is highly resistant to corrosion, its resistance is due to the formation of a stable tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) protective film on the surface.
use
Tantalum is widely used because of its characteristic. Tantalum can be used as a substitute for stainless steel in the equipment for making various inorganic acids, and its life is dozens of times longer than that of stainless steel. In addition, in chemical, electronic, electrical and other industries, tantalum can replace the past need for precious metal platinum to undertake the task, so that the cost is greatly reduced. Tantalum is manufactured into capacitors and used in military equipment. The United States has an unusually developed military industry and is the world's largest arms exporter. Half of the world's tantalum production is used in the production of tantalum capacitors, and the United States Department of Defense Logistics is the largest owner of tantalum, at one point buying up one-third of the world's tantalum powder.
Application of tantalum in alloys
Tantalum as an alloying element is rarely used in steel. Tantalum has a very high affinity with the gap atoms in steel, such as C and N, and the compounds formed with them are very stable even at high temperatures.
The strengthening effect of tantalum on Fe-C-Ta alloy and its related mechanism have been preliminarily studied by the researchers from the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences through mechanical properties testing, OM, SEM and TEM observation. The results show that when the tantalum content increases from 0.027% to 0.059%, the strength of the alloy is greatly improved, and the impact energy of the alloy with high tantalum content is reduced by 87J, but it still has good toughness. According to the analysis, the strengthening effect of tantalum on iron-based alloys is characterized by solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. After aging at 600ºC for 1h, the strength and plasticity of tantalum alloy with high tantalum content reach the maximum at the same time, and the best precipitation strengthening effect of tantalum carbide is obtained.
Tantalum applications
Tantalum has a series of excellent properties, such as high melting point, low steam pressure, good cold working performance, high chemical stability, strong resistance to liquid metal corrosion and high dielectric constant of surface oxide film. Therefore, tantalum has important applications in high-tech fields such as electronics, metallurgy, iron and steel, chemical industry, hard alloy, atomic energy, superconductivity technology, automotive electronics, aerospace, medical health and scientific research.
50%-70% of the world's tantalum in the form of capacitor grade tantalum powder and tantalum wire is used to make tantalum capacitors. Since the surface of tantalum can form an amorphous oxide film with dense stability and high dielectric strength, it is easy to accurately and conveniently control the anodic oxidation process of capacitors. Meanwhile, tantalum powder sintered block can obtain a large surface area in a small volume. Therefore, tantalum capacitors have high capacitance, low leakage current, low equivalent series resistance, good high and low temperature characteristics, long service life, excellent comprehensive performance, which is difficult to be compared with other capacitors. It is widely used in communications (switches, mobile phones, pagers, fax machines, etc.), computers, automobiles, home and office appliances, instruments, aerospace, national defense and other industrial and scientific sectors. Therefore, tantalum is an extremely versatile functional material
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