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Antimony is a kind of metallic element, English name Antimony, element symbol: Sb, belonging to VA group, atomic number 51, relative atomic weight 121.75, density 6.684g/cm³, melting point of 630.74ºC, boiling point of 1750ºC. Antimony is a brittle glossy silver solid, toxic, has a unique thermal shrinkage and cold expansion, no malleability. Antimony will not be oxidized by air at room temperature, but can react with concentrated . Antimony is found in the Earth's crust at a content of 0.0001%. Up to 120 antimony minerals are known, but only 10 are of industrial value. With the development of science and technology, antimony is now widely used in the production of various flame retardants, alloys, ceramics, glass, pigments, semiconductor components, medicine and chemical industry and other fields.
Application of antimony
Antimony trisulfide was used as eyeshadow in pre-dynastic Egypt as early as 3100 BC. Antimony-plated copper found in Egypt also dates to between 2500 and 2200 BC. China is one of the countries that discovered and used antimony earlier in the world. With the development of science and technology, antimony is now widely used in the production of various flame retardants, alloys, ceramics, glass, pigments, semiconductor components, medicine and chemical industry and other fields. The antimony used in the production of flame retardants accounts for about 60% of the total antimony consumption; the antimony used in the manufacture of alloy materials for batteries, plain bearings and welding agents accounts for about 20%; and the other consumption accounts for about 20%.
Burning agent
The primary use of antimony as a flame retardant is the use of its oxide (antimony trioxide) in refractories. The process by which antimony trioxide forms antimony halides slows combustion. Antimony trioxide is almost always used with halide flame retardants, except for halogenated polymer flame retardants. These flame retardants are commonly used in children's clothing, toys, aircraft and automobile seat covers, etc. They are also commonly used as additives for polyester resins in the fiberglass composite I (commonly known as glass fiber reinforced plastic) industry, such as the engine covers of light aircraft.
alloy
Antimony alloy is a good material for the manufacture of gear Antimony is a bad conductor of electricity and heat, is not easy to oxidize at room temperature, has corrosion resistance. Therefore, the main role of antimony in alloys is to increase hardness, and it is often used as a hardener for metals or alloys. Antimony lead based alloy corrosion resistance, is the production of vehicle and ship battery electrode plate, chemical pump, chemical pipeline, cable coating of choice material; Antimony and tin, aluminum, copper alloy high strength, extremely wear resistance, is the manufacture of bearings, bushing and gear excellent material
Antimony is a bad conductor of electricity and heat. It is not easy to oxidize at room temperature and has corrosion resistance. Therefore, the main role of antimony in alloys is to increase hardness, and it is often used as a hardener for metals or alloys. Antimony lead based alloy corrosion resistance, is the production of vehicle and ship battery electrode plate, chemical pump, chemical pipeline, cable coating of choice material; Antimony and tin, aluminum, copper alloy high strength, extremely wear resistance, is the manufacture of bearings, bushing and gear excellent material.
medicine
Antimony is also used in biology or medicine. For example, antimonial was used as an emetic, and antimony potassium tartrate (commonly known as tartar emetic) was used as a treatment for schistosomiasis, which was gradually replaced by praziquantel. Antimony and its compounds are also used in a variety of veterinary agents, such as antimony (lithium antimony thiomalate) as a skin conditioner for ruminants.
Electronic material
Diode high purity antimony and antimony metal compounds (indium antimony, silver antimony, gallium antimony, etc.) are also ideal materials for the production of semiconductors and thermoelectric devices. Antimony is commonly used as a dopant in ultra-high conductivity N-type silicon wafers. The material is used in diodes, infrared detectors and Hall effect components, while indium antimonide is used in mid-infrared detectors.
Other applications
Antimony is not only a stabilizer and catalyst for the production of polyethylene terephthalate, but also a clarifying agent for the removal of microscopic bubbles from glass, mainly used in the manufacture of television screens.
Antimony white is an excellent white pigment, is the filling agent in the enamel, ceramic, rubber industry, but also the paint, glass, textile and chemical industry commonly used raw materials. Antimony white can also be used as fire retardant coatings, used in synthetic fibers, building materials, safety film, high power circuit components, high temperature insulation materials, automotive interior decoration, etc.
Antimony has a low ignition point and is used as an ingredient in the manufacture of detonators and safety matches. It is also used in the manufacture of smoking-emitting agents.
Antimony is also used to make bullets and bullet tracers; Antimony-124 is used with beryllium as a neutron source; Antimony sulfide has been shown to stabilize the friction coefficient of automotive brake pad materials.
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