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Cerium, atomic number 58, belongs to the rare earth element, the sixth cycle series is in Ι, Ι group B lanthanide element, element symbol is Ce, elemental is silver gray active metal, powder is easy to spontaneous combustion in air, easy to dissolve in acid, reducing agent.
Cerium derives its name from the English name of Ceres [1]. Cerium contains about 0.0046% in the earth's crust, making it the most abundant of the rare earth elements.
Main use of editing broadcast
1, used as reducing agent, catalyst.
2, used as alloy additives, and used in the production of cerium salt, also used in medicine, leather, glass, textile and other industries.
3, cerium can be used as catalyst, arc electrode, special glass, etc. Cerium is a heat-resistant alloy that can be used to make jet propulsion parts.
Environmental protection material
Cerium is also used as an excellent environmental material [5], the most representative application is the catalyst for automobile exhaust gas purification. Cerium is added to the commonly used ternary catalyst of precious metals (platinum, rhodium, palladium, etc.), which can improve the performance of the catalyst and reduce the amount of precious metals. The main pollutants of automobile exhaust are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, which will affect the hematopoietic function of human body, form photochemical toxic smog and produce carcinogens, which will cause damage to human, animals and plants. Three-way purification catalytic technology can make hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide fully oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, so that nitrogen oxides are decomposed into nitrogen and oxygen (hence the name of three-way catalysis). Platinum, rhodium, palladium and other precious metals are excellent catalytic materials for tail gas purification. However, their high cost and high requirements for both engine and gasoline limit their wide application. The addition of cerium in catalyst can significantly reduce the amount of precious metal and improve the catalytic performance, so that the price of catalytic converter is greatly reduced. In the United States, catalysts for vehicle exhaust purification have become the number one consumer of rare earths. Cerium oxide can also be made with nano titanium oxide photocatalyst, used in antibacterial ceramics and oxygen - rich ion environmental coatings.
Harmful metal substitution
Cerium sulfide can replace lead, cadmium and other metals that are harmful to the environment and humans as red colorants for plastics. It can also be used in paint, ink and paper industries. Rhodia holds the leading technology. Cerium-rich light rare earth naphthenate and other organic compounds are also used in paint dryers, PVC plastic stabilizers and MC nylon modifiers, which can both replace highly toxic substances such as lead salt and reduce expensive materials such as drilling salt.
Special functional material
Cerium is also used in the manufacture of many special functional materials, such as fluorescent grade cerium oxide used in the manufacture of three primary color phosphor green powder for lamps; The CeLiSAF laser system solid-state laser, developed in the United States, can be used to detect biological weapons by monitoring tryptophan concentrations, as well as for medical applications. Cerium can be used to make cerium drill copper iron permanent magnet material; Cerium pigeon electrode can replace the radioactive thorium pigeon electrode.
Plant growth regulator
Cerium - based light rare earth as plant growth regulator can improve crop quality, yield and stress resistance. As a feed additive, it can improve the laying rate of poultry, the survival rate of fish and shrimp breeding, and improve the wool quality of long-haired sheep. Cerium is a low-toxicity substance, and an American book on rare earth said that feeding tests on mice showed that cerium-rich light rare earth oxides were as toxic by mouth as table salt. So far, no endemic diseases caused by rare earth have been found in rare earth rich areas. Through a large number of experimental studies, Chinese scientists believe that the agricultural use of rare earth will not cause environmental pollution and harm the survival of humans and animals.
Storage method editor broadcast
Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat. The temperature of the warehouse should not exceed 30ºC. The package should be sealed and not in contact with air. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, halogens and edible chemicals, and should not be mixed. Explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities are adopted. Do not use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to spark. The storage area should be equipped with leak emergency treatment equipment.
Sex: Active silver-gray metal, readily oxidized and spontaneously combust in air, must be kept in paraffin or mineral oil. It is a kind of lanthanide metal with natural abundance and lively nature.Tarnish in air, burn when heated, react quickly with water, dissolve in acid.
Melting point :815ºC
Boiling point :3257ºC
Density :6.90
Quality standard:
TREM > 99%
Ce/TREM > 99.9%
C < 0.05%
Storage: Easily oxidized, highly flammable, sealed with argon.
Used as rare earth magnetic material, special steel and nonferrous metal alloy additive, also can be used as hydrogen storage material, electric storage material, etc. Used for making alloys; Magnets for processing. Used in the manufacture of glass, flint, ceramics and alloys.
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