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Neodymium (Neodymium), chemical symbol Nd, atomic number 60, is one of the lanthanide elements, elemental silver-white metal, is one of the most active rare earth metals, melting point 1024°C, density 7.004g/cm³, paramagnetic. In the air can quickly darken, forming oxides; Reacts slowly in cold water and quickly in hot water. Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet and neodymium glass can replace ruby as laser materials, and neodymium and praseodymium glass can be used as goggles. Neodymium plays an important role in rare earths.
Physical and chemical properties edited broadcast
Elemental density: 7.007g/cm3
Elemental melting point: 1024ºC
Elemental boiling point: 3074ºC
Bulk elastic modulus: 31.8Gpa
Enthalpy of atomization: 322kJ/mol
Heat capacity: 27.45J/(mol·K)
Electrical conductivity: 0.0157×106/(cm·Ω)
Thermal conductivity: 16.5W/(m·K)
Heat of melting: 7.140kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 273.0kJ/mol
Atomic volume: 20.6cm3/mol
Amount of elements in the universe: 0.01ppm
Element content in the Sun: 0.003ppm
Content in the crust: 38ppm
Atomic weight: 144.242
Crystal structure: the cell is hexagonal.
Electronegativity: 1.14 (Pauling scale)
Peripheral electron configuration: 4f46s2
Electron configuration: 2,8,18,22,8,2
Electron shell: K-L-M-N-O-P
Number of protons: 60
Number of electrons: 60
Atomic deficit mass: 0.95808u
Cell parameters: a=365.8pm; b=365.8pm; c=1179.9pm; α=90°; β=90°; Gamma = 120 °
The propagation rate of sound in it: 2330m/s
Ionization energy (kJ/mol)
M minus M plus 529.6
M+ - M2+ 1035
M2+ - M3+ 2130
M3+ - M4+ 3899
Because neodymium ion absorption lines are special, they have different colors under different light sources, from (left to right, neodymium sulfate, neodymium nitrate, and neodymium chloride) under fluorescent lamps.
Main use of editing broadcast
Neodymium, with its unique position in the field of rare earth, has been the focus of attention in the market for many years. The largest user of neodymium metal is NdFeb permanent magnet material. The advent of NdFeb permanent magnet has injected new vigor and vitality into the high-tech field of rare earth. Ndfeb magnet has high magnetic energy product, known as the contemporary "king of permanent magnet", and is widely used in electronics, machinery and other industries with its excellent performance. The success of the development of alpha magnetic spectrometer indicates that the magnetic properties of ndfeb magnets in our country have entered the world first-class level. Neodymium is also used in non-ferrous materials. Neodymium is added to magnesium or aluminum alloys to improve high temperature properties, air tightness and corrosion resistance. It is widely used as an aerospace material. In addition, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet produces a short wave laser beam, which is widely used in industry for welding and cutting thin materials with a thickness of less than 10mm. In medicine, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers are used instead of scalpels to remove or disinfect wounds. Neodymium is also used in tinting glass and ceramic materials and as an additive in rubber products. With the development of science and technology, and the expansion and extension of rare earth science and technology, neodymium will have a wider utilization space.
Safety information editor broadcast
Neodymium is highly irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes and moderately irritating to the skin. Inhalation can also cause pulmonary embolism and liver damage.
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