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Graphite crucible
Silicon carbide graphite crucible
Graphite crucible, also known as copper cladding, copper melting, etc., refers to a kind of crucible made of graphite, clay, silica and wax stone as raw materials. Graphite crucible is mainly used to melt non-ferrous metals such as copper, brass, gold, silver, zinc and lead and their alloys.
Graphite crucible is a widely used instrument in laboratory and industrial production.
Graphite crucible has good high temperature resistance, chemical stability and thermal conductivity, so it is widely used in a variety of experiments and industrial production.
This paper will introduce the various uses of graphite crucible.
First, melt analysis
Graphite crucible is widely used in melting analysis.
In melting analysis, graphite crucible can be used to melt samples, prepare and determine the chemical composition of materials such as glass and ceramics.
Graphite crucible can withstand high temperature, so that the sample can be melted under high temperature conditions, so as to obtain more accurate chemical composition analysis results.
At the same time, the chemical stability of the graphite crucible will not interfere with the sample, and the accuracy of the analysis results.
Second, thermal analysis
Graphite crucible is also widely used in thermal analysis.
In thermal analysis, graphite crucible can be used for thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and thermal expansion analysis.
Graphite crucible can withstand high temperature, the stability and accuracy of the experiment.
At the same time, the thermal conductivity of graphite crucible is also rapid.
Three, chemical reactor
Graphite crucible can also be used as a chemical reactor.
The chemical stability and high temperature resistance of graphite crucible enable it to withstand a variety of chemical reactions.
Graphite crucible can be used to prepare a variety of chemicals, such as metals, oxides, semiconductor materials, etc.
In addition, graphite crucible can also be used for catalytic reactions, such as oxidation, reduction and other reactions.
Iv. Electronic components
Graphite crucible can also be used as an electronic component.
The conductivity and thermal conductivity of graphite crucible make it can be used to make electronic components, such as transistors, capacitors and resistors.
In addition, graphite crucible can also be used to make batteries, fuel cells and solar cells.
5. Metal smelting
Graphite crucible can also be used for metal smelting.
The high temperature stability and chemical stability of graphite crucible enable it to withstand metal smelting at high temperature.
Graphite crucible can be used to prepare and melt a variety of metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, zinc, etc.
In addition, graphite crucible can also be used to prepare and melt alloy materials.
Vi. Other Applications
In addition to the applications described above, graphite crucible has other applications.
For example, graphite crucible can be used to prepare and melt glass materials.
Graphite crucible can also be used to prepare and melt ceramic materials.
In addition, graphite crucible can also be used to prepare and melt a variety of organic compounds.
How powerful is the crucible? It can't melt steel at 1,000 degrees. What's it made of?
Have you ever seen a container that holds liquid steel in the process of making steel? A canister of liquid that's been burned to over a thousand degrees and nothing happened.
How is it that a container of molten steel is so resistant to high temperatures?
These vessels, called cauldrons, are used in refining oil and storing chemicals, as well as in making steel. It doesn't melt, it doesn't corrode, it looks like it's impervious to poison.
So what is this amazing thing made of?
Great crucible
Crucible is a container specially used for high temperature heating of solids, it can be customized according to the production scale, batch and other factors, to ensure the purity of the processed material, strong applicability.
Crucible production has a certain process, and the standard is strict
A crucible can be filled with a solid substance and fired at a high temperature, and when the substance in it is liquid, it does not budge. If the substance is already in solution and needs to be concentrated, crystallized, or evaporated, it can also be cooled directly in a crucible.
As a result, crucible materials vary according to their use. Metallurgical crucible is cast with pig iron, can be used to melt aluminum alloy, zinc alloy, lead alloy and other alloy materials.
When melting sodium hydroxide, the crucible is made of inactive metal, which can prevent corrosion of sodium hydroxide with strong alkali.
Crucible made of inactive metal is suitable for holding strong corrosive substances
Metal crucible and alumina crucible, silver crucible, platinum crucible, nickel crucible, other materials have quartz crucible, graphite crucible, porcelain crucible, silicon carbide crucible, each kind of material crucible melting point is different, can contact the matter is different.
But no matter what kind of crucible it is, it has a very high melting point, and you have to make sure that the material in it doesn't corrode it, that chemical reactions or heat doesn't melt it.
Crucible because of the different material, the production material is different, there are many kinds
In daily life, we are most common is steel crucible, steel melting point is about 1500 degrees, so the melting point of the crucible should be at least more than 1600 degrees, otherwise it is likely to be molten steel.
Human beings have mastered the technology of steelmaking for a long time, but there is a point of curiosity, not so advanced technology in ancient times, what did the steelmaking master use to make the crucible?
How did the ancient steelmakers make steel?
In 1742, an Englishman named Huntzmann used a crucible made of clay to make carburized iron. Because clay is a mixture of many minerals, it has a high carbon content and has no fixed melting point. Clay is very viscous and will only soften at a certain temperature.
So the clay crucible continued to absorb the carbon in the iron as it heated, softening it, and giving the man a pot of molten steel. Huntzman then pours and molds the steel into the shape he wants. This was the early process of graphite crucible steelmaking.
The evolutionary history of the crucible
As the metallurgical industry developed in Europe, crucbles were made of quartz and ceramics as well as graphite. The refractoriness of quartz is between 1750 degrees and 1800 degrees. The melting point of ceramics is higher than that of quartz, which can reach more than 2000 degrees. Moreover, under the action of high temperature, it can still maintain very good chemical stability.
By the time the metallurgical industry developed in Europe, there were already several kinds of crucible materials
Europeans used these to make copper alloys, as well as high quality steel. With the development of industrial technology, more durable crucible, such as diamond crucible, appeared. The melting point of diamond is much higher than that of ceramic, between 3550 and 4000 degrees, which is sufficient for any metal smelted.
In fact, if you talk about metallurgy, you go back to the Bronze Age, and there were actually cauldrons. The earliest bronzes appeared in the ancient Babylonian period, more than 6,000 years ago.
China's bronze ware appeared in the Xia Dynasty. Although there is no written record of this dynasty, there are still some doubts about it, but the unearthed bronze ware is the product of more than 4,000 years ago.
Bronze ritual vessels unearthed from Erlitou Site
The Simuwu Ding is the largest bronze vessel unearthed in the world. The ancient people had already used the crucible when making the Simuwu Ding.
A large pottery crucible with a diameter of 83 centimeters and a thickness of 4 to 5 centimeters was excavated from the Yin ruins in Anyang, Henan Province. Each of these crucibles can melt 200 kilograms of bronze, and at least six are needed to make the Simuwu cauldron.
Ancient people used crucible when they made Simuwu Ding
Pottery appeared in the Neolithic Age, so it can be speculated that the bronze ware of the Xia Dynasty was also fired with pottery crucible.
The early pottery crucible, with its handle and spout, was very advanced. Even the clay crucible invented by Huntzmann in 1742 was not much better than the crucible made by the ancients thousands of years ago. You can imagine how superior the wisdom of the ancients was.
In ancient Rome, with the progress of heating technology, crucible metallurgy technology had innovation, carburizing method on the stage of metallurgy, used in the production of brass.
There was an innovation in the smelting technique of crucible in ancient Rome
To heat it to 900 degrees and allow the zinc oxide to evaporate into a gas and combine with the molten copper, the chemical reaction had to take place in a closed vessel, so a lid was added.
By the Middle Ages, almost all the countries in the world had mastered certain steelmaking technology, crucible was greatly upgraded again, and steel products also appeared a kind of high-quality steel called "Uzi steel", which could be used to make armor for war.
Modern high quality crucible
In modern times, the industrial requirements for steel are higher, crucible naturally has to be upgraded several times to meet the needs of steel making, the material is becoming more complex, is no longer limited to a single material, but composite material.
The high requirement of steel in modern industry makes the material of crucible more complicated
The clay crucible of the 18th century has been mentioned before, but the graphite crucible used today is more durable, and its main material is natural graphite of crystalline form.
Graphite is an allotrope of carbon, the whole body is gray black, opaque, stable chemical properties, melting point between 3652 degrees to 3697 degrees, boiling point of 4830 degrees, and corrosion resistance, not easy to react with acid, alkali and other substances.
Although graphite crucible to oxidation, but uniform oxidation, not easy to eat gold, production loss is very low. When worn with a quartz coat, the effect is doubled. In addition to smelting steel and non-ferrous metals, graphite crucible is also very important in the power industry.
Graphite crucibles are now popular and highly productive
In addition to graphite crucible, molybdenum crucible is also the best of modern crucible.
Molybdenum is a kind of trace element needed by any animal, its elemental is silver metal, quite tough, melting point is about 2620 degrees, boiling point is as high as 4639 degrees, is a kind of difficult to melt rare metal.
Molybdenum has a low expansion coefficient and high strength and conductivity. In addition, it is also resistant to corrosion and has excellent thermal conductivity. It is used in the metallurgical and rare earth industries.
Of course, the tungsten crucible is just as powerful, as evidenced by the high heat resistance of the filament Edison used to make his lamps. Tungsten is also a shiny silver-white metal with high hardness. Its melting point is 3410 degrees, and its boiling point is higher than that of molybdenum and graphite at 5660 degrees. Its chemical properties are relatively stable.
Tungsten can be used as an electric lamp filament, showing its high heat resistance
In addition to crucible steelmaking, tungsten can also be used as a tool for high-speed diamond cutting and super hard mold. In addition, tungsten is indispensable for the production of many optical and chemical instruments.
Quartz crucible was also mentioned earlier, but in fact this crucible in modern steel has been basically obsolete, because quartz melting and boiling points are relatively low, only 1750 degrees and 2230 degrees, used in the photovoltaic and semiconductor industry is good.
Quartz sand has good chemical resistance to corrosion and inertia, which can ensure the purity of the reactants. New energy companies can use quartz crucible to produce high-tech products such as monocrystal silicon rods and silicon wafers.
Quartz crucible can be used to produce high-tech products
In a word, crucible high temperature resistance, molten steel pouring, all benefit from the production of crucible materials and techniques.
The advantages of good heat resistance, high chemical stability, high hardness, good thermal conductivity and so on are the crucible will not melt, will not break the guarantee. Not to mention molten steel at over 1,000 degrees, when technology is a few steps up, the quality of the cauldron will be better, perhaps 10,000 degrees of heat won't hurt it.
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