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Bismuth metal
Bismuth alloy
Bismuth ingot
Bismuth block
bi alloy block
Bismuth 99.99
Bismuth (Bismuth) is a kind of metallic element with the element symbol Bi and atomic number 83. It is a red-white metal with a density of 9.8g/cm³, a melting point of 271.3ºC and a boiling point of 1560ºC. Bismuth is metallic, brittle, and has poor electrical and thermal conductivity. Bismuth is also the most diamagnetic metal, and its electrical resistivity increases while its thermal conductivity decreases under the action of magnetic field. Bismuth has the lowest thermal conductivity of any metal except Bismuth and its alloys have thermoelectric effects. The bismuth increases in volume during solidification with an expansion rate of 3.3%. The selenides and tellurides of bismuth have semiconductor properties. Unlike other heavy metals, bismuth is relatively less toxic than lead or antimony. Bismuth is not easily absorbed by the body, does not cause cancer or damage DNA structure, and can be carried out through urination. For these reasons, bismuth is often used to replace lead in applications. Examples include lead-free bullets, lead-free solder, and even medicines and cosmetics. Bismuth is also used in alloy smelting and is one of the ideal superconducting materials. It is also used in batteries, semiconductors and nuclear materials. China is the world's largest bismuth producer and exporter.
Bismuth has a series of excellent properties, such as heavy specific ratio, low melting point, cold expansion and hot shrinkage during solidification, especially the non-toxic and non-carcinogenic bismuth has many special uses. Bismuth is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, aerospace, medicine and other fields.
From the perspective of consumption structure, the consumption structure of bismuth varies from country to country. The consumption of bismuth in the United States is mainly used for metallurgical additives, low melting point alloys, solder, ammunition and pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Consumption in Japan and South Korea is dominated by electronics; Bismuth consumption in China is still dominated by traditional areas. In 2007, domestic bismuth ingot consumption industry was broken down by: Bismuth oxide industry 40%, pharmaceutical industry 28%, metallurgical additives 18%, Bismuth alloy and solder 13%, and other 1%. Domestic consumption of bismuth ingot in 2008: Bismuth oxide industry accounted for 66%; The pharmaceutical industry accounted for 27 percent; Alloy industry accounted for 7%.
Bismuth has a series of excellent properties, such as heavy specific ratio, low melting point, cold expansion and hot shrinkage during solidification, especially the non-toxic and non-carcinogenic bismuth has many special uses. Bismuth is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, aerospace, medicine and other fields.
From the perspective of consumption structure, the consumption structure of bismuth varies from country to country. The consumption of bismuth in the United States is mainly used for metallurgical additives, low melting point alloys, solder, ammunition and pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Consumption in Japan and South Korea is dominated by electronics; Bismuth consumption in China is still dominated by traditional areas. In 2007, domestic bismuth ingot consumption industry was broken down by: Bismuth oxide industry 40%, pharmaceutical industry 28%, metallurgical additives 18%, Bismuth alloy and solder 13%, and other 1%. Domestic consumption of bismuth ingot in 2008: Bismuth oxide industry accounted for 66%; The pharmaceutical industry accounted for 27 percent; Alloy industry accounted for 7%.
Bismuth (Bismuth) is a kind of metallic element with the element symbol Bi and atomic number 83. It is a red-white metal with a density of 9.8g/cm³, a melting point of 271.3ºC and a boiling point of 1560ºC. Bismuth is metallic, brittle, and has poor electrical and thermal conductivity. Bismuth is also the most diamagnetic metal, and its electrical resistivity increases while its thermal conductivity decreases under the action of magnetic field. Bismuth has the lowest thermal conductivity of any metal except Bismuth and its alloys have thermoelectric effects. The bismuth increases in volume during solidification with an expansion rate of 3.3%. The selenides and tellurides of bismuth have semiconductor properties. Unlike other heavy metals, bismuth is relatively less toxic than lead or antimony. Bismuth is not easily absorbed by the body, does not cause cancer or damage DNA structure, and can be carried out through urination. For these reasons, bismuth is often used to replace lead in applications. Examples include lead-free bullets, lead-free solder, and even medicines and cosmetics. Bismuth is also used in alloy smelting and is one of the ideal superconducting materials. It is also used in batteries, semiconductors and nuclear materials. China is the world's largest bismuth producer and exporter.
Bismuth has a series of excellent properties, such as heavy specific ratio, low melting point, cold expansion and hot shrinkage during solidification, especially the non-toxic and non-carcinogenic bismuth has many special uses. Bismuth is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, aerospace, medicine and other fields.
From the perspective of consumption structure, the consumption structure of bismuth varies from country to country. The consumption of bismuth in the United States is mainly used for metallurgical additives, low melting point alloys, solder, ammunition and pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Consumption in Japan and South Korea is dominated by electronics; Bismuth consumption in China is still dominated by traditional areas. In 2007, domestic bismuth ingot consumption industry was broken down by: Bismuth oxide industry 40%, pharmaceutical industry 28%, metallurgical additives 18%, Bismuth alloy and solder 13%, and other 1%. Domestic consumption of bismuth ingot in 2008: Bismuth oxide industry accounted for 66%; The pharmaceutical industry accounted for 27 percent; Alloy industry accounted for 7%.
Bismuth has a series of excellent properties, such as heavy specific ratio, low melting point, cold expansion and hot shrinkage during solidification, especially the non-toxic and non-carcinogenic bismuth has many special uses. Bismuth is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, aerospace, medicine and other fields.
From the perspective of consumption structure, the consumption structure of bismuth varies from country to country. The consumption of bismuth in the United States is mainly used for metallurgical additives, low melting point alloys, solder, ammunition and pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Consumption in Japan and South Korea is dominated by electronics; Bismuth consumption in China is still dominated by traditional areas. In 2007, domestic bismuth ingot consumption industry was broken down by: Bismuth oxide industry 40%, pharmaceutical industry 28%, metallurgical additives 18%, Bismuth alloy and solder 13%, and other 1%. Domestic consumption of bismuth ingot in 2008: Bismuth oxide industry accounted for 66%; The pharmaceutical industry accounted for 27 percent; Alloy industry accounted for 7%.
Bismuth toxicity
Bismuth is not essential to plants and animals, so its distribution in plant tissues is very small. However, small amounts of bismuth have been detected in the blood and urine of healthy people because humans ingest certain amounts from contaminated food and water. Bismuth is not harmful in small amounts.
Bismuth is similar to lead in many properties, but bismuth is harmless to humans and is considered a "green metal." With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and attention to green materials, bismuth has become a trend to replace lead, especially in cosmetics instead of heavy metal lead and jewelry.
The risk of bismuth damage is very low, even for those who have long worked in the bismuth manufacturing and chemical industry. Bismuth toxicity appears to be limited to medical use and can be caused by accidental ingestion, excessive medical use, or prolonged use of bismuth. Although toxicity of bismuth-containing creams has been described, there has been no convincing evidence of significant skin absorption.
Bismuth poisoning in children
Most bismuth poisoning in children is caused by a large amount of bismuth nitrate in the treatment of diarrhea. Due to the action of intestinal bacteria, bismuth subnitrate can be oxidized to nitrite, so bismuth and nitrite can appear dual poisoning symptoms. The lethal dose of oral bismuth subnitrate in children is about 3 ~ 5g, and excessive intravenous or intramuscular injection of soluble bismuth salt can lead to acute poisoning. Insoluble bismuth salts (such as bismuth subcarbonate, etc.) are often used as internal medicine or external preparation to treat gastrointestinal diseases. Although the amount of absorption is small, it can also lead to bismuth poisoning if used in large quantities or for a long time. Lactating women due to nipple rupture and repeatedly swab cod liver oil bismuth, infants can suck too much cause poisoning.
Signs of bismuth poisoning
Acute bismuth poisoning is mainly due to oral entry. Patients may experience nausea, vomiting, salivation, sore tongue and throat, abdominal pain, diarrhea, black stool with blood, bleeding from the skin and mucous membranes, headache, cramps, etc. As a result of liver and kidney damage, can lead to liver enlargement, jaundice, urine protein and tube type, and even acute liver and kidney failure. In patients allergic to bismuth salt, fever, rash, acute hemolysis and occasionally exudative dermatitis may appear after intramuscular injection. Long-term use of bismuth can cause multiple neuritis, stomatitis, gingival swelling, pigmentation of oral mucosa and black lines on the gum. X-rays of the patient's long bone showed white bands similar to those seen in cases of lead poisoning.
prevention
Strictly follow the method and amount of bismuth. The above symptoms should be stopped immediately. In case of oral overdose, lavage the stomach as soon as possible. Metal antidotes such as dimercaptopropyl alcohol and sodium dimercaptopropyl sulfonate were used. And give symptomatic treatment.
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