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Indium is a kind of metallic element, English name: Indium, element symbol In, belongs to Group IIIA metal element, atomic number: 49, relative atomic mass: 114.8, melting point 156.61ºC, boiling point 2060ºC. Relative density 7.31g/cm³. Indium is a silver-white metal with a bluish sheen. It is so soft that it can be scored with a fingernail. It is malleable and malleable that it can be pressed into sheets. The metal indium is not oxidized by air at room temperature. Indium is slightly radioactive, so contact with skin and ingestion should be avoided. The content of indium In the earth's crust is 1×10^(-5) %. Although indium also has independent minerals, such as CuInS2, FeInS4 and In (OH) 3, the amount of indium is very small. Indium is mainly homogenous in marmatite (indium content is 0.0001% ~ 0.1%), hematite, galena, and other polymetallic sulfide ores. Indium is also found in tin ore, wolframite and common hornblende. The metal indium is widely used in aerospace, radio and electronic industry, medical, national defense, high and new technology, energy and other fields.
Introduction to application of indium
Metal indium has good ductility, strong plasticity, low melting point, high boiling point, low resistance, corrosion resistance and other excellent properties, and has good photopermeability and electrical conductivity, is widely used in aerospace, radio and electronic industry, medical, national defense, high and new technology, energy and other fields. The production of ITO targets (used in the production of liquid crystal displays and flat panel screens) is the main consumption area of indium ingot, accounting for 70% of the global consumption of indium. Electronic semiconductors, accounting for 12% of global consumption; Solder and alloy sector accounted for 12%; Research accounted for 6%.
ITO target
Due to the good photopermeability and electrical conductivity of indium ingot, the glassy composite (ITO) of high purity indium oxide and tin oxide is used to make transparent conductive electrodes in the plasma TV and liquid crystal TV screen industry, and also used as a sensitive element for some gas measurement. 70% of global indium consumption is used to produce ITO targets.
Electronic semiconductors and radio
Indium, which has a high boiling point, low resistance and resistance to corrosion, is also widely used in the electronic semiconductor and radio industries. A significant portion of the metal indium is used in the production of semiconductor materials. In the radio and electronics industries, indium is used to make special contact devices that combine indium and silver oxides and press them.
Applications of indium in solder and alloy fields
A small amount of indium is added to many alloys to improve their strength, ductility, and resistance to wear and corrosion, giving indium the reputation of the "vitamin of alloys" and the "wonderful indium effect".
Indium alloy can be used in the production of solar cells. Copper indium gallium selenium thin-film solar cells have the characteristics of low production cost, low pollution, no decay, good low-light performance and so on. The photoelectric conversion efficiency ranks first among all kinds of thin-film solar cells, close to crystalline silicon solar cells, while the cost is one third of that of crystalline silicon solar cells. It is known internationally as "a very promising new thin-film solar cell in the next era". In addition, the battery has a soft, even black appearance, which is ideal for places with high requirements for appearance, such as glass curtain walls of large buildings, and there is a large market in areas such as modern high-rise buildings.
It is widely used as a gasket or liner material in high-altitude instruments and aerospace equipment because of its excellent malleability, low vapor pressure, and ability to adhere to a variety of materials. Indium foil is commonly used as a contactor for linear ultrasonic retarding.
Indium is used in the atomic energy industry to make an indicator of neutrons. Any of many alloys of indium commonly used to make control rods in nuclear reactors. Indium is also an excellent material for making neutron detectors and is comparable to the metal gallium.
The initial industrial application of the metal indium was in the manufacture of industrial bearings, where it continues to be used today. The surface of the bearing is coated with indium, and the service life of the bearing is 5 times longer than that of the bearing with ordinary coating. Alloys of indium and gallium, which lubricate sliding components, are also used in electric vacuum instruments.
Indium is easy to form a solid coating on the metal surface, and has good corrosion resistance, especially can prevent the corrosion of alkaline solution. The indium coating not only has a bright color but also is easy to polish. In addition to pure indium coating, indium and zinc alloy can also be used as coating. Indium plating is also used in decorative processes. All kinds of mirrors, mirrors and reflectors, if coated with indium surface, its reflection performance will be greatly enhanced and resistant to the erosion of the sea water, so in the sea ship reflectors commonly used in this coating. In addition, indium-coated bronze wire mesh can be used to remove vapors from vacuum instruments.
Because indium has a low melting point, many kinds of fusible alloys can be made with it. These indium-containing alloys, whose melting points range from 47 ºC to 122ºC, are used in a wide range of fuses, fuses, temperature controllers and signalling devices.
Many fusible alloys of indium are used as brazing materials. Even the pure metal indium itself easily wets and adheres to the surfaces of glass, quartz and mica. Indium can be used to make piezoelectric parts welded together firmly. In the manufacture of multilayer integrated circuits, the selection of indium-containing brazing material is a crucial step.
One of the more promising applications of indium is in stomatology. The alloys known to be used for dentures are basically alloys of gold, silver and palladium with 0.5% ~ 10% indium added. Adding a small amount of the metal indium to dental fillings significantly increases the corrosion resistance and hardness of the fillings, and the alloy does not become black.
Introduction to indium product application
Some compounds of indium, such as oxides, sulfides and phosphates, are used in yellow and orange glass, as well as special optical glasses. Indium borate glass, which contains bismuth or cadmium, can absorb X-rays of moderate intensity and neutrons of higher energy than thermal ones.
Halides of indium, such as indium iodide, are commonly used as additives in metal halide lamps to enhance the power output of lighting and improve the quality of the spectrum.
Indium ingot: trapezoidal, smooth surface, white with metallic luster, mainly used for manufacturing a variety of alloys, special welding, coating, electronics and production of high purity indium and other departments.
Indium trioxide: Light yellow, used in fluorescent screens, glass, ceramics, chemical reagents, etc.
Indium hydroxide: Used in batteries, glass, ceramic chemical reagents, etc.
High purity trimethyl indium: white crystalline crystal, mainly used as a raw material for the epitaxial growth of indium-containing compounds and semiconductor optoelectronic functional materials by GAEHI process.
High purity indium chloride: colorless or white powder, mainly used in the production of phosphors, - compound semiconductors, low voltage sodium lamps, manganese dry battery free negative electrode, (zinc) anti-corrosion additives, ITO transparent batteries, etc.
Indium is a doped element in germanium transistors and is used in the largest amount in the production of PNP germanium transistors.
The use of indium for new uses is increasing by 10% to 20% each year.
Because of its softer nature, it is also used in some industries that need to be filled with metal. Such as: high temperature vacuum gap filling material.
Indium industry chain flow chart
The analysis of indium industrial chain is shown in the figure below:
directory
Indium
Basic introduction
Discovery and industry development of indium
Properties of indium
Indium smelting process
Classification of indium alloy
Applications and applications of indium
Distribution and production of indium resources
Indium export policy
Effects of indium on human health
Indium industry standard
Indium industry association and well-known enterprises
Recommended reading: Indium industry highlights
Growth • knowledge
is mainly used as an alloy material in the alloys of copper and lead
Selenium has photosensitivity and semiconductor properties, and is often used to make photocells and photoreceptors in the electronics industry
The process by which antimony trioxide forms antimony halides slows combustion and can be used to make refractories
Cadmium telluride thin film solar industry is developing rapidly and is considered to be the most promising solar technology
Bismuth is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, aerospace, medicine and other fields
Xiaobian recommendation
1 Manganese plays an important role in maintaining good health
2 Strontium oxide, strontium nitrate can be manufactured fireworks and flare
Tantalum often coexists with niobium in nature
Magnesium is an essential element for the human body
Rhenium occurs mostly in trace amounts in other minerals
6 Zircon was used as a gem in ancient times
7 Why do no actual "calcium minerals" exist in nature
Cadmium is an environmental pollutant
The Summer Dynasty 4000 years ago began to use red copper
In ancient times, people often put tin blocks at the bottom of Wells to purify water
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Extended reading
Silicon metal is mainly used to make polysilicon, monocrystalline silicon, silicon aluminum alloy and silicon steel alloy compounds
The semiconductor industry has become the largest consumer of gallium
Germanium, as an infrared optical material, has the characteristics of high infrared refractive index and wide infrared transmittance band
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