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Chinese name: Selenium, English name: Selenium, element symbol Se, atomic number 34 in the periodic table, group VIA non-metallic element. Density is 4.809g/cm³, melting point 221ºC, boiling point 685ºC. Selenium is a solid with a gray metallic luster, brittle, poisonous, conductive, and its conductivity varies sharply with the intensity of light. Selenium can be oxidized by and dissolved in concentrated lye, and will not be oxidized at room temperature. Selenium is an essential micromineral nutrient for human body, but excessive intake will do harm to human body. The content of selenium in the crust is only 0.05 ppm, and the annual supply is limited. Selenium is used in a wide range of fields, including electronics, glass, metallurgy, chemical industry, healthcare, agriculture and so on.
Although selenium is found in small and dispersed amounts in the Earth's crust, most of it is recovered as a by-product of copper processing, but it has been widely used in electronics, glass, metallurgy, chemicals, health care, agriculture and other fields.
Electronics industry
Selenium is used to manufacture photocells. Selenium has photosensitivity and semiconductor properties, and is often used in the electronics industry to manufacture photocells, photosensors, laser devices, infrared controllers, photocells, photoresistors, optical instruments, photometers, rectifiers, etc. Selenium applications in the electronics industry account for about 30% of total demand. High purity selenium (99.99%) and selenium alloys are the main light-absorbing media in photocopiers, used in plain paper copiers and photoreceptors for laser presses. The important characteristic of ash selenium is that it has typical semiconductor properties and can be used for radio wave detection and rectification. Selenium rectifier has the characteristics of load resistance, high temperature resistance and good electrical stability.
Glass industry
Selenium is a good physical decolorizing agent and is often used in glass industry. If the glass raw material contains iron ions, the glass will show light green, and selenium is a solid with metallic luster, adding a small amount of selenium can make the glass show red, green and red complement each other, make the glass become colorless, if adding excessive selenium, you can make the famous ruby glass - selenium glass. Selenium, used with other metals, can give glass different colors such as gray, bronze and pink. Black glass used in buildings and cars also contains selenium, which reduces light intensity and heat transfer. In addition, selenium glass can also be used in the manufacture of intersection signal red lamp shade.
Metallurgical industry
Selenium rectifier Selenium can improve the workability of steel, so it is often used in metallurgical industry. Adding 0.3-0.5% selenium in cast iron, stainless steel, copper alloy, can improve their mechanical properties, more dense structure, high-speed cutting, processing parts surface more smooth. Alloys composed of selenium and other elements are often used in the manufacture of low-voltage rectifiers, photovoltaic cells, and thermoelectric materials.
Chemical industry
Selenium in rubber Selenium and its compounds are often used as catalysts, vulcanizing agents and antioxidants. Using selenium as catalyst has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, low cost, small environmental pollution, convenient post-treatment, etc. For example, elemental selenium is the catalyst in the process of preparation of elemental sulfur by sulfite reaction. Selenium is commonly used as vulcanizing agent in rubber production to enhance the wear resistance of rubber.
Healthcare industry
Selenium is an important part of some antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase) and selenium-P protein in animals and human body. It can improve human immunity and has a good prevention and treatment effect on cancer, stomach diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, prostate diseases, vision diseases and so on. Therefore, selenium is widely used in the medical field. It is used to treat and relieve various diseases caused by selenium deficiency. As selenium is an essential trace element and has an important impact on human health, the healthcare industry has begun to develop various selenium supplements, such as malt selenium.
Other applications
In agricultural production, selenium can be added to fertilizer to improve soil selenium deficiency and promote plant growth. Selenium is also used in cosmetics, and certain cosmetics containing selenium have anti-aging properties. In addition, adding selenium to electroplating solution can improve the appearance of plating parts, so it is also used in electroplating industry.
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