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Indium, a metallic element with the element symbol In and atomic number 49, is located in group IIIA of the fifth cycle of the periodic table. The substance is a silver-white, bluish metal so soft it can be scored with a fingernail. Strong plasticity, ductility, can be pressed into a sheet. The metal indium is mainly used as a raw material in the manufacture of low fusion alloys, bearing alloys, semiconductors, electric light sources and so on.
Indium is non-toxic but should be avoided in contact with skin and ingested.
Preparation process editor broadcast
Indium extraction technology is mainly extraction-electrolysis, which is the main technology of indium production in the world today. The principle process flow is: indium-containing raw material → enrichment → chemical dissolution → purification → extraction → reverse extraction → zinc (aluminum) replacement → sponge indium → electrolytic refining → refined indium.
90% of the world's indium production comes from the byproducts of lead and zinc smelters. The smelting and recovery method of indium is mainly from the smelting scum, molten slag and anode slime of copper, lead and zinc. According to the source of recycled raw materials and the difference of indium content, different extraction processes are applied to achieve the best configuration and maximum profit. The commonly used technologies are slag making by oxidation, metal replacement, electrolytic enrichment, acid leaching extraction, extraction electrolysis, ion exchange, electrolytic refining and so on. Solvent extraction is widely used at present, which is an efficient separation and extraction process. The application of ion exchange for indium recovery has not been reported on an industrial scale. In the process of separation of indium from less volatile tin and copper, indium is mostly concentrated in flue ash and scum. When separated from volatile zinc and cadmium, indium is concentrated in slag and filter slag.
In ISP lead-zinc smelting process, indium in concentrate is mostly enriched in the crude lead produced by the crude zinc distillation process, and the indium rich in crude lead is recovered by alkali cooking and extracting process, which has the disadvantages of small production capacity, high production cost and low metal recovery.
In order to simplify indium extraction process, reduce production cost and improve metal recovery rate, this project has researched and developed the "indium-rich crude lead electrolysis - indium extraction by lead electrolyte" extraction process according to the original indium extraction production process through condition test, cycle test and comprehensive test, and determined the best technological parameters of the new process. The process flow is as follows: the crude lead is melted and cast into the plate, which is loaded into the electrolytic cell and charged for electrolysis. The indium in the anode is dissolved into the electrolyte. When the indium is enriched to a certain concentration, the electrolyte is extracted for extraction and reverse extraction. [4]
Several new technologies for indium separation and extraction: The main separation materials used in these new technologies include liquid film, chelate resin, impregnation resin and microcapsule. Under suitable conditions, indium can be effectively separated and recovered by these technologies. These new technologies provide a new option for indium separation and recovery. [5]
Application Field editor broadcast
Due to its strong photopermeability and electrical conductivity, indium is mainly used in the production of ITO target materials (for the production of liquid crystal displays and flat screens). This use is the main consumption area of indium ingot, accounting for 70% of the global consumption of indium.
The next few consumer sectors are: electronic semiconductors, accounting for 12% of global consumption; Solder and alloy sector accounted for 12%; Research accounted for 6%. In addition, because of its softer nature, it is also used in some industries that need to be filled with metal. Such as: vacuum gap filling material at higher temperature.
Medically, indium colloids are used for liver, spleen and bone marrow scans. Indium -DTPA for brain and kidney scans. Indium -Fe(OH)3 particles for lung scanning. Placental scan with indium-Fe-ascorbic acid. Inum ferritin delivery for hepatic cisterns. [2]
Gallium and indium are alloted to form a liquid metal, forming a solid solution that becomes liquid at room temperature and has a surface tension of 500 millinewtons per meter. This means that, when placed on a flat table without external forces, the alloy will remain an almost perfect ball. When stimulated by a small amount of electric current, the surface tension of the sphere will be reduced and the metal will stretch across the table. If the charge changes from negative to positive, the liquid metal becomes spherical again. Changing the voltage can also adjust the surface tension of the metal and the viscosity of the metal block, causing it to change into a different structure. The research could also be used to help repair severed nerves in humans to avoid long-term disability. The researchers claim the breakthrough could help build better electrical circuits and self-healing structures.
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