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Europium metal
Europium alloy
Europium powder
Europium particle
Europium [1] is a metallic element, silvery white, that burns to form an oxide; The oxide is approximately white. Europium is an iron-gray metal with a melting point of 822°C, a boiling point of 1597°C, a density of 5.2434g/ cm ³; They are the softest and most volatile of the rare earth elements. [2] Europium is the most reactive metal of the rare earth elements: at room temperature, europium loses its metallic luster in the air and is quickly oxidized into a powder. Violently react with cold water to produce hydrogen; Europium can react with boron, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc. Europium is widely used in the manufacture of reactor control materials and neutron protection materials. It is used as phosphor for color TV sets and has important applications in Eu laser materials and atomic energy industry.
Europium is one of the rarest rare earth elements. It's found in just 1.1 parts per million on Earth. It is a soft, glossy, steel-grey metal that is very malleable and malleable, meaning it can be worked into many shapes. It looks and feels like lead, but it's a little heavier
Europium is a metallic element, silvery white
Element description: The first ionization energy is 5.67 electron volts. Can be burned to form oxides; The oxide is approximately white.
Molecular formula: Eu
Molecular weight: 151.964
Color and appearance: Silver
Stability: Air is easily oxidized and should be kept in argon
Europium is an iron-gray metal with a melting point of 822°C, a boiling point of 1597°C, a density of 5.2434 g/cm 3; It is the least dense, softest and most volatile element of rare earth elements. Europium is the most reactive metal of the rare earth elements: at room temperature, europium loses its metallic luster in the air and is quickly oxidized into a powder. Violently react with cold water to produce hydrogen; Europium can react with boron, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc. Europium is widely used in the manufacture of reactor control materials and neutron protection materials.
Element name: Europium
Atomic weight of element: 152.0
Element type: Metal
Atomic volume: 28.9(cubic cm/mole)
Element content in the Sun: (ppm) : 0.0005
Element content in seawater: Pacific Surface 0.0000001(ppm)
Content in crust: 2.1 (ppm)
europium
europium
Atomic number: 63
Element symbol: Eu
Element Chinese name: europium
Element English name: Europium
Relative atomic mass: 151.9
Number of protons in nucleus: 63
Number of electrons in the nucleus: 63
Nuclear charge: 63
Relative atomic mass: 151.96
Common valence: +2,+3
Electronegativity: 1.2
Outer electron shell configuration: 4f76s2
Electron configuration: 2,8,18,25,8,2
Electron shell: KLMNOP
Number of electrons: 2-8-18-32-18-8
Isotopes and Radiation: Eu-147[24.4d] Eu-148[54.5d] Eu-149[93.1d] Eu-150[36y] Eu-151 Eu-152[13.5y] *Eu-153 Eu-154[8.6y] Eu-155[7.4y] Eu - 156 [d] 15.2
Electron affinity sum energy: 0KJ·mol-1
First ionization energy: 546.5KJ·mol-1
Second ionization energy: 1085KJ·mol-1
Third ionization energy: 2404KJ·mol-1
Elemental density: 5.259g/cm3
Elemental melting point: 822.0ºC
Elemental boiling point: 1597.0ºC
Atomic radius: 2.56 angstroms
Ionic radius: 1.07(+2) angstroms 0.95(+3) angstroms
Covalent radius: 1.85 angstroms
Common compounds: None
Oxidation state:
Main Eu3+
Other Eu2+
Proton mass: 1.05399E-25
Proton relative mass: 63.441
Owning period: 6
Number of family: IIIB
Molar mass: 152
Highest value oxide:
Density: 5.259
Melting point: 822.0
Boiling point: 1597.0
Cell parameters:
a = 458.1 pm
b = 458.1 pm
c = 458.1 pm
Alpha is equal to 90 degrees
Beta = 90°
Gamma is equal to 90 degrees
Ionization energy (kJ/mol)
M-M + 546.7
M+ - M2+ 1085
M2+ - M3+ 2404
M3+ - M4+ 4110
Vickers Hardness: 167MPa
Crystal structure: The cell is a body centered cubic cell, each cell contains 2 metal atoms.
Color and condition: silver-white metal
Atomic radius: 2.56
Common valence +2,+3
Main use
Europium (Eu) : In 1901, Eugene-Antole Demarcay discovered a new element from "samarium" and named it Europium. This is presumably named after the word Europe. Europium oxide is mostly used in phosphors. Eu3+ is used as an activator for red phosphors and Eu2+ is used for blue phosphors. Y2O2S:Eu3+ is the best phosphor for luminescence efficiency, coating stability and recovery cost. In addition to improving the luminous efficiency and contrast technology, it is widely used.
Rare Earth - Europium oxide (99.99%)
Rare Earth - Europium oxide (99.99%)
In recent years europium oxide has also been used in stimulated emission phosphors for new X-ray medical diagnostic systems. Europium oxide can also be used in coloured lenses and optical filters, in storage devices for magnetic bubbles, and in control, shielding and structural materials for atomic reactors. Because its atoms absorb more neutrons than any other element, it is often used as a neutron-absorbing material in atomic reactors. In addition, it can be used as phosphors for color television sets. These phosphors emit a shiny red color and are used to make television fluorescent screens. Laser materials, etc.
Chemical properties editor
Europium is the most reactive metal of the rare earth elements: at room temperature, europium loses its metallic luster in the air and is quickly oxidized into a powder. Violently react with cold water to produce hydrogen; Europium can react with boron, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc. Europium is widely used in the manufacture of reactor control materials and neutron protection materials [6].
Europium oxide
europium oxide; europia
Molecular formula: Eu2O3
Reddish powder. Relative density 7.42. Melting point 2002 degrees. Insoluble in water, soluble in acid. It absorbs carbon dioxide and water from the air.
Method [7] :
The extraction method uses rare earth chloride solution from monazite or mixed rare earth ore as raw material. The samarium and samarium were extracted from raffinate, and the samarium and heavy rare earth were extracted into organic phase. Then the samarium and rare earth were extracted from rare earth by 2.0mg/L HcL, and the europium oxide was obtained by means of zinc powder reduction and alkali method after precipitation, separation, drying and burning in Beijing oxalic acid.
Toxicity: Salt of rare earth elements can reduce and inactivate the level of prohemase, inhibit the production of thrombin, precipitate fibrinogen, and catalyze the decomposition of phosphoric acid compounds. The toxicity of rare earth elements decreases with increasing atomic weight. It is necessary to wear gas mask when working. If there is radioactivity, special protection should be carried out. The dust should be prevented from scattering.
Europium hydroxide:
Molecular formula: Eu(OH)3.xH2O
Molecular weight: 202.96
Color and appearance: White
Solubility: Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in acid
Stability: Slight moisture absorption
Europium trichloride:
Usually in the form of hydrates
Molecular formula: EucL 3.6H2O
Molecular weight: 366.41
Color and appearance: White
Solubility: soluble in water, slightly soluble in acid
Europium sulfate
Europium sulfate
Stability: Slight moisture absorption
Europium sulfate:
Europium sulfate molecular formula: Eu2(SO4)3.xH2O
Molecular weight: 592.10
Color and appearance: Pink crystal
Solubility: soluble in water, slightly soluble in acid
Stability: Slight moisture absorption
Europium fluoride:
Europium fluoride
Europium fluoride
Molecular formula: EuF3
Molecular weight: 208.96
Color and appearance: White
Solubility: Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in acid
Stability: Slight moisture absorption
Europium nitrate:
Molecular formula: Eu(NO3)3.6H2O
CAS No. 10031-53-5
Molecular weight: 337.97
Color and appearance: Crystal
Solubility: Soluble in water and acid
Stability: Slight moisture absorption
Europium carbonate:
Molecular formula: Eu2(CO3)3.xH2O
Molecular weight: 483.95
Color and appearance: White
Solubility: soluble in water, slightly soluble in acid
Stability: Slight moisture absorption
Europium acetate:
Molecular formula: Eu(O2C2H3)3.xH2O
Molecular weight: 329.10
Color and appearance: White
Solubility: soluble in water, slightly soluble in acid
Stability: Slight moisture absorption
Application field editor broadcast
It is used as fluorescent powder of color TV set and has important application in laser material and atomic energy industry.
Europium oxide is mostly used in phosphors. Eu3+ is used as an activator for red phosphors and Eu2+ is used for blue phosphors. Y2O2S:Eu3+ is the best phosphor for luminescence efficiency, coating stability and recovery cost. In addition to improving the luminous efficiency and contrast technology, it is widely used.
Europium oxide has also been used in recent years in stimulated emission phosphors for new X-ray medical diagnostic systems [8]. Europium oxide can also be used in coloured lenses and optical filters, in storage devices for magnetic bubbles, and in control, shielding and structural materials for atomic reactors. Because its atoms absorb more neutrons than any other element, it is often used as a neutron-absorbing material in atomic reactors. In addition, it can be used as phosphors for color television sets. These phosphors emit a shiny red color and are used to make television fluorescent screens. Laser materials, etc.
Rare earth europium complex [9] is a red fluorescent material with both high luminous quantum efficiency of organic compounds and good stability of inorganic compounds, which has a good application prospect.
Manufacturing methods editor reports
The mixture of europium oxide and lanthanum metal was originally prepared by vacuum distillation [10].
Preparation of ultra-fine and high purity europium oxide with rare earth europium-rich hydrochloric acid.
The invention relates to a method for preparing ultra-fine and high purity europium oxide with europium-rich rare earth hydrochloric acid as raw material. The method is characterized by the following steps:
(1) Mixing of ingredients: mixing of europium-rich rare earth hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid and water;
(2) solid-liquid separation: after solid-liquid separation, the insoluble impurities were removed to obtain europium-rich hydrochloric rare earth liquid solution, the concentration of rare earth in the liquid material is 0.1-1.2 mol/L;
(3) Electrochemical reduction: the europium-rich rare earth hydrochloride solution obtained in the previous step was reduced to europium Eu3+ to europium Eu2+ at the cathode of the electrochemical reactor to obtain EuCl2 solution;
(4) Ultrasonic fractionation extraction: In the ultrasonic extraction equipment, adding EuCl2 solution, extraction solution and lotion, the volume ratio of the three materials ingredients is 1∶ 0.5-5.0 ∶ 0.1-2.0, the ultrasonic frequency is 19-80kHz, the ultrasonic intensity is 0.2-20.0 W/cm2, and the operating temperature is 5-60ºC, ultrasonic fractionation extraction is carried out. Intermediate outlet liquid is EuCl2 refined liquid, which enters the next step.
(5) Electrochemical oxidation: EuCl2 refined liquid obtained in the previous step is entered into the electrochemical reactor. In the anode of the electrochemical reactor, europium Eu2+ is oxidized to europium Eu3+ to produce EuCl3 refined liquid;
(6) Adsorption impurity removal: Add the adsorption impurity removal agent to the EuCl3 refining solution obtained in the previous step, carry out further adsorption impurity removal, after solid-liquid separation, remove impurities, prepare pure EuCl3 refining solution, enter the next step;
(7) Ultrasonic crystallization precipitation: In ultrasonic crystallization equipment, pure europium hydrochloride refining liquid and crystallization precipitator ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate were added. The molar ratio of europium hydrochloride refining liquid and crystallization precipitator was 1∶ 1.1-1.6. The ultrasonic frequency was 19-80kHz, the ultrasonic intensity was 0.2-20.0W /cm2, and the operating temperature was 5-60ºC. Europium carbonate Eu2 (CO3) 3 crystalline precipitate was obtained by ultrasonic crystallization precipitation.
(8) Solid-liquid separation: after solid-liquid separation, europium Eu2 (CO3) 3 crystalline precipitate in solid phase was obtained, which proceeded to the next step;
(9) Drying and burning: drying at 25-800ºC to obtain europium Eu2 (CO3) 3 carbonate; Superfine and high purity europium oxide products with Eu2O3 content ≥ 99.99% and particle size of 0.01-10.0 μm were obtained by sintering at 800-900ºC.
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