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powder metallurgy of berylli-um is the process of being consolidated into a blank by powder forming. The beryllium cast ingot purified by vacuum smelting has coarse grain size, uneven composition, poor mechanical properties and no ductility, which can not be processed into materials. Beryllium billet with fine microstructure, uniform composition, good mechanical properties and ductility can only be made by powder metallurgy. Beryllium powder metallurgy includes two processes of beryllium powder preparation and forming consolidation. Beryllium components are mainly used in atomic energy, aviation, aerospace and other industrial sectors.
owder metallurgy of berylli-um is the process of being consolidated into a blank by powder forming. The beryllium cast ingot purified by vacuum smelting has coarse grain size, uneven composition, poor mechanical properties and no ductility, which can not be processed into materials. Beryllium billet with fine microstructure, uniform composition, good mechanical properties and ductility can only be made by powder metallurgy. Beryllium powder metallurgy includes two processes of beryllium powder preparation and forming consolidation. Beryllium components are mainly used in atomic energy, aviation, aerospace and other industrial sectors.
In 1947, beryllium products were first developed by powder metallurgy in the United States. Through continuous improvement, the current process technology has been relatively mature and the equipment has been basically finalized. Powder metallurgy research was carried out in China in 1965, and beryllium products of various specifications can be produced by this method, and the properties of beryllium meet the requirements [1].
Preparation of beryllium powder editing broadcast
The preparation of beryllium powder from beryllium ingot is the first process of beryllium powder metallurgy. The raw material is purified 1-2 times before being milled into beryllium chips. Iron filings need to be subjected to visual inspection, magnetic separation and X-ray rigorous inspection before powder, to remove debris. The methods of preparing iron powder include ball milling, disk milling, impact grinding and other methods.
Other methods edit broadcast
There are mainly three kinds of powder: vibrating ball mill, rod mill and atomization.
1. Vibrating ball mill. Beryllium chips are pulverized into beryllium powder by vibration of the grinding body in a ball mill, which is suitable for the preparation of small batch beryllium powder.
2. Stick grinding. Beryllium chips are pulverized into beryllium powder in a rod mill, which is suitable for the production of small amounts of beryllium powder.
3. Gas atomization. The process by which a stream of beryllium liquid is fused by a high velocity inert air flow to rapidly consolidate the latter into beryllium powder. This method is suitable for producing large quantities of coarse beryllium powder.
In the 1960s, the United States and the Soviet Union began to study the preparation of beryllium powder by inert gas atomization, and entered the trial production stage in the 1980s. The particles of atomized beryllium powder are polycrystalline with different orientations, spherical or teardrop shape, and the surface pollution is small. Beryllium materials prepared with atomized beryllium powder show no preferential orientation in microstructure and excellent isotropy [2].
Beryllium powder forming consolidation editor broadcast
The process of combining loose aggregates of beryllium powder by means of pressure and temperature into dense beryllium billets of certain shape, size and physical and mechanical properties. It belongs to the second stage of beryllium powder metallurgy process, and is the key step to make beryllium billets of various grades. Forming consolidation of beryllium powder mainly adopts three methods: cold press-sintering, vacuum hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing. Other forming consolidation methods, such as press-free sintering, electric discharge sintering, forging and plasma spray-sintering, have not been widely used.
Outlook editor broadcast
With the exception of beryllium alloys, beryllium materials used in atomic energy, aviation, aerospace and other sectors are prepared by powder metallurgy billet, and then machination or pressure machining. With the development of science and technology, beryllium application departments will demand to provide more beryllium parts with better performance, lower price and more quantity, which will further promote the development of beryllium powder metallurgy technology. In the preparation of beryllium powder, impact grinding method will become the main method of powder preparation, and gas atomization method will quickly become practical. Hot isostatic pressing will be the primary method of consolidation of beryllium powder forming, providing beryllium billet close to the final product shape size. Because of its short production cycle and strong adaptability, vacuum hot pressing and forging will continue to be an economical and practical method to provide blanks for pressure machining and mechanical machining. The development of beryllium powder metallurgy technology will further improve the performance of beryllium material, reduce the cost, and help to expand the application field of beryllium material.
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